Cats’ eyes are large with pupils that expand or contract to mere slits according to the density of light. Average lengths are 71.1 cm (28 inches) for males and 50.8 cm (20 inches) for females. The other lineage appeared in Egypt between 6,400 and 1,000 years ago before spreading throughout the Mediterranean. One lineage appeared in Asia Minor as early as 6,400 years ago, dispersing northward and westward into Europe.
- When humans gave up living as hunter-gatherers and began relying on agriculture, cats were attracted to the rodents feeding on crops and stored grain.
- But male cats with their one X chromosome can be either orange or black but not both.
- It is also the smallest member of that family, which includes lions, tigers, and pumas.
- A cat breed is a group of related felines that share a conformation, meaning a similar physical appearance, or a common geographic region of origin.
- For example, long hair in cats is a recessive trait; a cat must inherit the gene for long hair from both parents to have long hair.
- No one knows how cats accomplish this feat, but theories abound, including that cats use Earth’s magnetic fields to negotiate their way back to familiar territory.
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Because domestic cats are crepuscular hunters, they need only one-sixth of the illumination levels humans require to see well. But there is also a popular belief that domestic cats have a sixth sense—the ability to find their way home over long distances. However, regardless of the color or pattern on the outside, all domestic cats are genetically tabbies like their wildcat ancestors. As domestic cats spread around the world along trade routes, the species became well adapted to life with humans.
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- Their ears are mobile and can move independently of one other, allowing cats to pinpoint sounds with accuracy.
- The senses of taste and smell are closely related in cats and, because of this, the aroma of food is vital to a cat’s enjoyment.
- The guard hairs are long and stiff and cover the top layer of the cat’s coat, keeping it dry.
- This allows the ears to pivot toward the source of sounds, and the ear shape helps funnel sounds into the ears.
- When a cat’s eyes shine, light is bouncing off a layer of cells behind the retina called the tapetum lucidum.
- In Greece evidence from art and literature indicates that the cat was present there from the 5th century bce, and tiles featuring cats appeared in China from 500 bce.
If the cat has two different gene copies for a particular trait, the dominant gene spinmills casino promo code will have a masking or overriding effect on the recessive gene. Domestic cats are induced ovulators, which means that ovulation does not occur until the queen mates. Also, dominant cats spray urine and leave their wastes uncovered to mark their territory.
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Color perception is not highly developed in cats, likely because it is unimportant to their survival; detecting a prey animal’s movements is more important than observing its colors. The Jacobson’s, or vomeronasal, organ is situated between the nose and the palate, and cats access this sense by “flehming,” which looks like a cat grimace or sneer. In addition, cats have a special sense best described as a cross between taste and smell. Their sense of smell is crucial to sensing prey and evaluating food.
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For example, long hair in cats is a recessive trait; a cat must inherit the gene for long hair from both parents to have long hair. Cats use a variety of sounds to communicate with other cats and with their human companions. “Tomcats” (sexually mature males prone to fighting over mates) are not particular about the age, breed, or kinship of mating partners; they readily mate with related females.
As mentioned earlier, the cat family is commonly divided between cats that roar and cats that purr. Thousands of cat mummies have been discovered in Egypt, along with mouse mummies, presumably to provide food for the cats in the afterlife. Humans needed their grain protected from rodents, and cats needed a ready food source. When humans gave up living as hunter-gatherers and began relying on agriculture, cats were attracted to the rodents feeding on crops and stored grain. Although the animal was certainly a source of meat and pelts, a partnership of sorts eventually developed between humans and cats, one based on mutual need.
In the center of the tongue, the papillae form backward-pointing hooks that rasp meat from the bones of prey and scoop up water when the cat drinks. The paw pads are also acutely sensitive and help the cat when grasping prey. The whiskers (vibrissae) are touch receptors that are vital to the cat’s hunting ability.
“Black,” “orange tabby,” “longhaired,” “shorthaired”—all are common categories by which cats are identified, advertised, and sought. The English legend of Dick Whittington details his journey from rags to riches due to his cat’s mousing prowess. The Greek writer Aesop made frequent mention of cats in his fables.
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It acts as a counterweight, but it is the cat’s sense of equilibrium and its flexible spine that allow it to self-right when falling. Not only is the cat’s hearing acute, but its outer ears are equipped with more than a dozen muscles that allow the ears to swivel 180 degrees. But male cats with their one X chromosome can be either orange or black but not both.
Domestic cats are characterized by retractable claws, powerful bodies, acute senses, long tails, and specialized teeth adapted for hunting prey. For example, the mutation that causes the ears to fold in the Scottish Fold breed can also cause a bone and cartilage abnormality called osteochondrodysplasia. A gene at a particular locus on a chromosome may have more than one form, because genes can mutate, and these changes may be passed onto future generations.
The paired gene copies may be different from each other and cause variations in characteristics. Cats, like all other sexually reproducing animals, inherit half of their genetic makeup from each parent. These sounds can be interpreted as greetings, demands, pleas, challenges, or warnings, depending on the tone. Kittens are born blind, deaf, and helpless; their senses begin to function about 10 days after birth. This efficient system vastly increases the chances that a cat will conceive, which is one of the reasons for cat overpopulation.
Cat (Felis catus), also called house cat or domestic cat, is a member of the family Felidae in the order Carnivora. Domestic cats have 19 pairs of chromosomes and, like humans, one pair of sex chromosomes determining their sex (two X chromosomes for females, one X and one Y chromosome for males). These genes determine the genetic makeup of the cat, called the genotype.
For this reason, cats prefer their food to be warm, as odors are released by heat. The cat’s tongue is covered by numerous sensory knobs called papillae, of which several types exist. This cat “radar” is vital to the cat’s ability to move about and hunt in low-light conditions. The guard hairs are long and stiff and cover the top layer of the cat’s coat, keeping it dry.